NSSA W.A.T.E.R. Project Working to Improve Restoration Efforts in Nova Scotia

How can local efforts be optimized to restore fish habitat in Nova Scotia?

This is the question that the Nova Scotia Salmon Association (NSSA) set out to try and answer when they began their Water Assessment Towards Ecological Recovery (W.A.T.E.R.) project.  The goal of this four-year project funded by DFO’s Nature Fund, which began in 2019, is to create Watershed Plans for 13 watersheds in Nova Scotia. Regional organizations can then follow these plans to maximize their habitat restoration efforts and ensure they are targeting key areas. 

The Watershed Plans will focus on improving the quality of habitat for 5 key species at risk: Atlantic Salmon, Atlantic Whitefish, Atlantic Sturgeon, American Eel, and Brook Floater. While this is an ambitious goal, it is one that the NSSA is uniquely positioned to accomplish.

As a well-connected organization representing the interests of over 25 river associations in Nova Scotia, NSSA has been able to work collaboratively with local stakeholders to monitor and gain local knowledge of the watersheds. This has included convening community meetings and surveying residents to help identify key areas for restoration. By combining this information with NSSA’s existing knowledge about healthy salmon populations and ecosystems, NSSA was able to identify close to 500 sites. These sites were chosen to capture a variety of different habitat types in order to better understand differing habitat conditions as well as to improve predictability of conditions in similar habitats in other parts of the watershed.  

These 500 sites spread across 13 watersheds ranging from the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the North Shore of Nova Scotia to the Medway River on Nova Scotia’s South Shore. Covering such a large geographic area is no easy task, but thanks to their connections throughout the province, NSSA has been able to effectively work with volunteers and other watershed organizations to help manage this extensive project.  

In year one, NSSA began with a smaller  temperature  sampling regime of 120 sites while also connecting detailed water chemistry samples and eDNA samples to get a baseline of species in the region. In year two, NSSA added another just over 300 temperature logger sites. Some sites maintained stationary throughout the season while others were only measured for one month of the summer with loggers being transferred in between sites. This was done to get a wider image of the watershed. When possible, probe readings of parameters such as  pH  and  conductivity  as well as  dissolved metals  are also measured.  

In addition to field measurements, NSSA is also leveraging Lidar and GIS services to better understand the landscape and instream physical characteristics. Using the field data along with the Lidar and GIS information, NSSA hopes to create data rich maps showing where good ecosystems exist and areas where work can be done to enhance or restore the system. 

Once all the data has been collected  and analyzed, it will be used to construct unique watershed plans for each of the 13 watersheds. Within these plans will be maps outlining the results of the monitoring and Lidar mapping as well as the survey results from local residents. These plans will then aim to: 

1. Describe the current situation in the watershed 
2. Identify what information was missing from the 4-year study in order to fully understand the issues 
3. Qualify the health of the ecosystems in various regions within the watershed to support the 5 key fish species, as listed above 
4. Prioritize objectives and their costs so to maximize restoration efforts in the region 

While the completion of the watershed plans is the end goal of this project, this will not be the end of the work for NSSA. Following the completion of the W.A.T.E.R. project, NSSA will begin working with local conservation groups and stewards, including those involved in their  Adopt-A-Stream  program, to implement the recommendations within the plans.